Back pain: types, causes, symptoms & treatment
Back pain is the number 1 common ailment in the world. Almost every adult has struggled with it at some point. Whether muscle hardening, lumbago or a slipped disc — the clinical pictures are just as diverse as they are common.
First-aid tips for back pain
Step positioning: If you suddenly feel a sharp pain in your back, lie down in the so-called step positioning. This relieves the spine and helps relax muscles and joints.
- Lay flat on your back on a firm surface.
- Place your lower legs on a stool or chair at right angles to your thighs. The height of the shelf should be the length of your thighs.
- Support your head with a pillow or a rolled-up towel.
Heat and cold treatments: Heat has a very beneficial effect on tense muscles. You can simply stick heat patches available in pharmacies on the affected areas so that they are warmed up for several hours to relieve tension.
Hot bath: A hot full bath loosens the hardened muscles, promotes blood circulation, and thus counteracts pain.
Ice packs: If a joint is inflamed or a nerve is irritated, heat is more likely to be counterproductive. Then you need more cold to numb the pain. Place an ice pack on the painful area to inhibit blood flow and prevent the pain stimulus from being passed on.
Back pain
Almost 80 percent of all Central Europeans suffer from the widespread disease back pain at least once in their life. The causes are as diverse as the treatment options. The most common causes include stress, a sedentary lifestyle, and herniated discs. Acute pain can usually be treated well and effectively, or it subsides quickly and without treatment. With every new back pain, however, there is a risk that the symptoms will become chronic. For chronic back pain, treatment is more difficult depending on the cause.
The older you are, the more likely you are to suffer from back pain. The spine is subject to wear and tear with increasing age. However, young people are also affected. Overall, women (46.9 percent) suffer from back problems a little less than men (48.7 percent). The workplace also plays a role in the development of back pain. Most frequently, employees in the postal services, employees in waste disposal, and metal production and processing are absent due to muscular and skeletal disorders. Back pain is the third most common cause of the inability to work, with an average of 17.5 days.
Back pain: types
In medicine, back pain is classified according to various criteria.
Localization of the back pain
Upper back pain: The pain occurs at the top of the spine (neck) and can be acute to chronic. They often radiate in the shoulders, arms, and/or the back of the head. Upper back pain can be triggered by incorrect posture at work, a slipped disc, or psychological influences.
Middle back pain: Back pain in the thoracic spine area often occurs due to irritation (irritation) of large muscle groups in this area. They can also be caused by dysfunction of the coastal and vertebral joints.
Lower back pain: Because the lumbar spine (lumbar spine) is very susceptible to injury and damage, this is the most common type of back pain. Slipped discs or overexertion of the muscles are possible causes.
Duration of back pain
Acute back pain: Acute back pain refers to back pain that occurs for the first time or after at least six pain-free months and lasts for a maximum of six weeks. In most cases, the symptoms improve after a few weeks.
Subacute back pain: Subacute back pain lasts longer than six weeks to a maximum of three months.
Chronic back pain: If the back pain lasts longer than three months, one speaks of chronic back pain or chronically recurring (recurrent) complaints. The severity of the pain can vary. Chronic back pain occurs more frequently with increasing age and is often associated with additional illnesses (comorbidities).
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Back pain: Causes
Back problems can be based on physical and emotional causes. In some cases, it is a combination of both. Back pain can be roughly divided into two groups: non-specific and specific back pain.
Non-specific back pain with no structural cause
In the case of non-specific back pain, there is no clear single cause. No structural cause in the form of damage or injuries can therefore be identified in the X-ray or MRI. In most cases, a functional cause in the form of muscle spasms or a muscle imbalance in the spine can be identified.
The unspecific acute back pain, encouraged by treatment, can often subside after a short time without consequences.
Specific back pain
Specific back pain has a clearly identifiable cause. This can be in the area of the spine or it can be traced back to various diseases of other organs.
Acute inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis): In addition to pain and burning sensation when urinating, men suffer from back pain when the prostate gland is inflamed.
Herniated disc: The intervertebral discs act as cushion-shaped shock absorbers between the individual vertebral bodies. They consist of a soft gelatinous core that is surrounded by a ring of fiber cartilage. If the gelatinous core slips and the fiber covering breaks through, there is a herniated disc. Severe back pain occurs when the emerging gelatinous mass presses on the neighboring nerves.
Most often, the sciatic nerve is pinched. This thickest and longest nerve in the body runs along the back of the thigh all the way down to the foot. A pinched sciatic nerve causes pain that radiates from the buttocks over the back of the leg to the foot.
Blockage: A tense muscle can pull a vertebra out of its normal position over time and vertebral misalignment occurs. This often arises from a jerky movement during sport. The blockage manifests itself in the form of pain in the muscles, the vertebral joints, or the exit canals of the nerves from the spinal cord. The pain can radiate to the arms or legs.
Chest tightness (angina pectoris): If the heart muscle temporarily receives too little oxygen, this triggers an angina pectoris attack. Affected people feel pain and tightness in the chest, feelings of oppression, sudden shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and back pain.
Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis): acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas leads to pain in the upper abdomen. These radiate backward in a belt shape and are then perceived as back pain.
Pericarditis (pericarditis): Acute pericardial inflammation is triggered by viruses, bacteria, other diseases, or heart operations. Sufferers feel sharp pains behind the breastbone or in the left chest. The pain can radiate into the shoulder blade region, causing back pain.
Heart muscle inflammation (myocarditis): Heart muscle inflammation is mostly caused by viruses or bacteria. Among other things, it also causes back pain.
Inflammation of the pleura (pleurisy): Inflammation of the pleura often occurs as a result of lung disease such as pneumonia. There is severe, stabbing chest or back pain.
Expansion of the main artery (aortic aneurysm): In the abdominal area, the aorta enlarges in the shape of a sac or spindle. The abdominal aortic aneurysm can cause back pain.
Shingles: The painful rash is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It forms on one side of the trunk, along the spinal cord nerves. Shingles can lead to severe back pain.
Heart attack (myocardial infarction): The pain in the heart area often radiates into other parts of the body such as the heart attack. B. between the shoulder blades in the back.
Sacroiliac Joint Syndrome (ISG syndrome): ISG syndrome is a frequently occurring vertebral block. The blockage affects the joint between the sacrum and the pelvic bone, the so-called sacroiliac joint (ISG) or sacrum-iliac joint. Because it is held tightly together by strong ligaments, it has limited mobility. In the ISG syndrome, the joint surfaces of the sacroiliac joint shift against each other and block due to increased muscle tension, which leads to back pain.
Inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia): Pneumonia is caused by bacteria and can cause back pain as well as coughing and fever.
Pulmonary infarction (pulmonary embolism): A pulmonary embolism is caused by a blood clot that has washed up and blocks the flow of blood in a pulmonary artery. As a result, chest pain occurs, which continues backward and can cause back pain in the chest area.
Lung collapse (pneumothorax): A lung collapse can arise spontaneously without an apparent cause or be the result of a disease/injury to the lungs. Air collects in the space between the lungs and the chest wall. The affected lung collapses and pain suddenly starts in the chest area, which can radiate into the back.
Muscle tension: Muscle tension results from bad posture, one-sided strain, and a lack of movement. Some muscles are overwhelmed, others under-challenged, resulting in an uneven load. As a result, muscles shorten or harden, which can lead to tension and pain. A pinched nerve can also result from muscle tension and cause back pain.
Kidney inflammation: In most cases, kidney inflammation is caused by bacteria. Women are affected more often than men. If the inflammation is chronic, it can cause protracted back pain.
Kidney stones: Kidney stones are most common in men. Smaller kidney stones are excreted in the urine through the ureter. Larger kidney stones can get stuck in the ureter and trigger renal colic. Depending on the location of the kidney stone, those affected suffer from sharp, cramp-like, and wavy back pain.
Osteoporosis (bone loss): In osteoporosis, the bones become increasingly brittle and can break even with the slightest stress such as falling or bumping into them. The associated vertebral body collapse leads to back pain. Osteopenia (precursor to osteoporosis) can also be associated with back pain.
Pancoast tumor: The disease describes a malignant growth on the tip of the lung. The tumor causes discomfort in the cervical spine.
Pregnancy: The hormonal changes during pregnancy loosen the tendons and ligaments in the pelvic floor area. The lack of stability leads to pain in the pelvis and lower back. Also, the growing unborn child shifts the woman’s center of gravity. To compensate, many pregnant women fall into the hollow back. This can also result in back pain. Furthermore, pre-and early labor can be associated with back problems.
Inflammation of the esophagus (esophagitis, reflux disease): An inflammation of the lining of the esophagus leads to burning pain behind the breastbone (heartburn), which can radiate into the back.
Esophageal spasm (esophageal spasm): If there is a spasmodic contraction of the esophageal muscles, the food can no longer be transported towards the stomach. It builds up and creates severe pain behind the breastbone and in neighboring areas of the body such as the back.
Esophageal injuries: Tears in the esophageal wall can result from swallowing a foreign body or from violent vomiting, as in bulimia. They express themselves by a sudden, violent pain (annihilation pain) behind the breastbone, which can radiate into the back.
Spinal column wear (osteoarthritis of the spinal column joints, facet syndrome): With increasing age, the spinal column joints are subject to signs of wear. If the age-related wear and tear of the joints exceed the normal level, it is mostly osteoarthritis, which can cause back pain, among other things. The symptoms mainly occur at the beginning of a movement (e.g. getting up in the morning) and slowly decrease during movement.
Sliding vertebrae (spondylolisthesis): In this disease, the vertebrae (especially in the lumbar region) are unstable so that they can shift easily. As a result, back pain occurs during exercise and certain movements. If a displaced vertebra presses on a nerve root, neurological deficits such as sensory disturbances or paralysis are also possible.
Spinal canal narrowing (spinal canal stenosis): The spinal canal with the spinal cord located in it runs in the spinal column and carries nerve signals from the brain into the body and back. In the spinal canal narrowing, the spinal canal is narrowed in places and presses on the spinal cord or the emerging nerve roots. Those affected then suffer from back pain, for example in the sacrum area.
Spinal column inflammation (Bechterew’s disease): Bechterew’s disease describes a chronic rheumatic inflammation of the spine and the joint that connects the spine with the iliac bone (sacroiliac joint). The disease stiffens the joints and causes deep back pain.
Spine tumor and rib tumor: Back pain can also be caused by a tumor. If it is malignant, it is almost always daughter tumors from cancerous tumors in other parts of the body.
Spinal curvature: If the spine is curved to the side, it is called scoliosis. It leads to premature wear and tear, which can trigger muscle tension and back pain. The spine also bends in so-called Scheuermann’s disease, which leads to a hunched back, back pain, and restricted mobility.
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Back pain: symptoms
Back pain is often accompanied by other complaints. Individual complaints and the perceived limitation vary depending on the workplace and personal organization of the day. These side effects often occur:
- limited mobility
- sudden sharp pain or muscle pain
- Muscle tension
- Exhaustion
- morning, restricted mobility
- Paralysis in the legs or arms
- Feeling weak
- tingle
- Problems straightening up
Back pain: Diagnosis
Physical examination
To narrow down the cause of the back pain and make an initial diagnosis, a thorough physical examination is first carried out. After the doctor has got an exact picture of the complaints in this way, he discusses the further procedure, recommends any further, apparatus-based examinations, or already submits specific therapy proposals.
Strength/mobility: The doctor will check whether you can move around according to your age and general health.
Reflexes: The doctor tries to trigger certain reflexes and records the patient’s reaction. If reflexes are disturbed, this can indicate an illness.
Sensitivity: Pinched nerves and signs of wear and tear in the spine and musculoskeletal system often lead to impaired sensation and impairment. Such restrictions can be an indication of a disease.
Radiology / imaging
Computed tomography (CT): Computed tomography (CT) depicts the bony structure of the body (skeleton, joints, and spine) in three dimensions by moving an X-ray tube in a circle around the patient and taking several images. A computer then combines the various slice images to form a 3D overall image.
Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT): The magnetic resonance tomograph builds an electromagnetic field and measures the alignment of the hydrogen atoms in the body. This creates a three-dimensional image of the inside of the body.
Magnetic resonance tomography: The desired soft tissue contrasts are generated with different measurements and the tissue is anatomically displayed. This enables a precise insight into the organs and the parts of the musculoskeletal system that have a high proportion of water. The intervertebral discs, ligaments, tendons, and nerves, for example, can be displayed very well. Bony structures can, however, only be shown indirectly because they contain relatively little water.
Myelography: The imaging procedure makes the narrow gap between the spinal cord and the surrounding meninges visible. To do this, a contrast agent is injected into this fluid-filled cavity. This is followed by an X-ray examination in computer tomography (CT). By using the contrast agent, the cavity and the distribution of liquid therein can be displayed and assessed. This method is mostly used for herniated discs.
Bone Density Measurement (DXA): This method is used to diagnose osteoporosis (bone loss). The body is x-rayed twice, on the lumbar spine and the hips. The bone density is calculated from the results of the recordings and compared with the average value of the population or an age-appropriate group. If this value is below the average, osteoporosis is very likely.
X-ray examination: bones and bony structures are displayed painlessly and in a straightforward manner, but less detailed and exact than with computer tomography. Bony signs of wear and tear on the vertebral bodies, instabilities, and curvatures as well as arthrosis of the small vertebral joints and a decrease in height of the intervertebral disc spaces can be seen in the images. This could indicate structural changes in the spine that could be responsible for your symptoms. Soft tissue is difficult to make visible in the X-ray.
Neurological diagnostics
Electromyography (EMG): This method is used to diagnose nerve damage and muscle diseases. Every muscle movement is controlled by electrical impulses via the nerve tracts. Their intensity determines the strength of the tension. The currents that arise when the muscles are tensed are measured by adhesive electrodes or thin needle electrodes on the skin. If the impulses are weaker than usual or clearly disturbed, this can indicate damage to the nerve root or the spinal cord. A measurement of the nerve conduction velocity (NLG) may also be necessary for a final diagnosis.
Nerve conduction speed (NLG): The measurement of the nerve conduction speed is used to check whether the transmission speed of the nerves that control the muscles is reduced or even blocked by an illness. For this purpose, electrodes are stuck to the skin, through which the nerve to be examined is artificially stimulated with short electrical impulses. Another electrode measures how long the stimulus transmission lasts, ie how long the body needs to react to the impulse.
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Back pain: therapy
Medication
Treating acute back pain with anti-inflammatory and relaxing drugs can shorten the course of the disease and prevent chronic courses. Painkillers help to get out of an avoidance or restraint position because sooner or later this leads to tension and pain again.
In the case of acute pain, doctors use so-called “peripheral analgesics”. This includes, for example, paracetamol, which has a muscle-relaxing effect. So-called “nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs”, or NSAIDs for short, are used for severe acute back pain. These include diclofenac, ibuprofen, or naproxen. They inhibit certain enzymes and suppress the production of the body’s own pain and inflammatory substances (prostaglandins). The use of NSAIDs is not suitable for patients with heart and kidney problems and can lead to side effects on the stomach and intestinal mucosa. Alternatively, coxibs can be taken. These active ingredients specifically inhibit a very specific enzyme and are better tolerated, at least for a period of six months. However, these drugs also cause side effects in the gastrointestinal tract and are not suitable for diseases of the coronary arteries, circulatory disorders of the arms and legs, and after a stroke. The following applies to both classes of active ingredients: they should only be taken short-term and in low doses.
Medicines such as flupirtine or tolperisone also relax the muscles.
Another possibility of drug treatment is the so-called infiltration therapy. Here painkillers are injected into the painful region of the body. Anti-inflammatory and decongestant drugs like cortisone take the pain away from irritated nerves very quickly this way.
Conservative therapy
Conservative therapy for back pain include drug pain therapy, physiotherapy, traditional pain therapy (drugs and physical therapy), and orthopedic care (e.g. corsets).
The following treatment methods for back pain are among the most common:
Physiotherapy/physiotherapy: The patient completes an exercise program that is individually tailored to him and the physiotherapist shows him what to look out for during implementation. Weight training on equipment is carried out in the practice on-site, while exercises without equipment should also be carried out daily at home and alone.
Manual therapy/chiropractic: The physiotherapist tries to remove functional disorders by mobilizing or manipulating muscles, joints, and connective tissue with the help of pressure, tension and counter-tension, stretching, and relaxation.
Massage: Massage movements are intended to loosen the muscles, especially in the back and neck, improve blood circulation, activate metabolic processes, and relieve hardening. To deepen the relaxation, a warm mud pack (fango) can be applied before or after the treatment.
Electrotherapy: Certain muscle groups are stimulated with electricity to promote blood circulation or strengthening. Electrotherapy also relieves pain and treats inflammation.
Thermotherapy: This treatment method works with either heat or cold. Cold relieves inflammatory or injury-related pain, while warmth has a beneficial effect on lumbago, osteoarthritis, or muscle tension.
Exercise therapy: shoulder, chest, neck, trunk, pelvic and leg muscles influence each other. A disruption in one area therefore also has consequences for the other muscle groups. Exercise therapy focuses on strengthening the muscles.
Operation
An operation should only be considered if the patient’s symptoms are severe, e. B. by the occurrence of severe paralysis and/or if a high dose of analgesics is not sufficient.
If the spine is curved (scoliosis), surgery is performed in severe cases. The stiffened spinal column section is completely removed and replaced with artificial vertebrae.
In so-called vertebral sliding, the displacement can press on important nerve cords and cause neurological failures. During the operation, the displaced vertebra is fixed to the neighboring vertebrae. The procedure, however, leads to a stiffening of the spine.
Intervertebral disc surgery is one of the most frequently performed operations in Germany. The operation is carried out using the latest medical procedures in a minimally invasive manner.
Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the vertebral canal) can lead to severe restrictions in mobility and press on the central nervous system. The narrowing can often be removed with minimally invasive surgery.
What can you do yourself with back pain?
Find a sport that you enjoy. If you do a predominantly sedentary job at work and work a lot with your upper body and arms, integrate small physical exercises into your commute. If you go by car, park a little further away and walk a bit in the fresh air. Use public transport, get off a little earlier and walk the rest of the way. Use your lunch break to stretch your legs or take a walk in the evening. Take the stairs instead of the elevator. This is a very simple way of ensuring a strong back.
When doing activities while sitting, change your sitting position more often or take short breaks to strain other muscles. Sitting crooked or legs crossed put strain on the intervertebral discs. Instead, exercises such as the arm or upper body circles help.
If you stand a lot at work, it is important to always shift your weight from one leg to the other. Also, the shoes should be flat. If you have to walk a lot at work, an upright, straight gait is important.
However, some movements can cause excessive stress and which therefore require relearning to relieve the intervertebral discs. Basically, if possible, you should maintain a straight posture during exertion. This means that when you lift you bend your knees to use your leg strength. For example, adjust the telescopic tube of the vacuum cleaner so that you can work completely upright.
A back-friendly mattress gives way where the pressure on the back is greatest. If you have problems with your cervical spine, you should not lie on your stomach when falling asleep, as this position turns your head too much.
When choosing the right shoe, the sole rule is that the sole should be elastic so that the foot rolls properly. Heels should not exceed a height of three centimeters, otherwise you will form a hollow back in your back and this will lead to back problems.
Sitting comfortably is just as important as sitting straight. If sitting comfortably means sitting crooked, that’s okay too — just not for too long. Everything that feels good is allowed: the backrest forwards or a change between the sitting ball, office chair with and without ball cushion. A healthy back can be achieved by changing the sitting position in combination with standing up, stretching, and various exercises.
Avoid a rounded sitting position, especially when working in the office, as this puts a lot of strain on the back. The same applies to the hollow back and long periods of sitting. Office furniture should be adapted to the body and the distance between eyes and screen should be 50 to 80 centimeters. The screen shouldn’t be less than 15 inches and the top line on the screen is ideally just below eye level.
Autogenic training helps with back pain if it is due to a psychosomatic cause. With the relaxation technique, you put yourself in a state of light self-hypnosis through concentration.
Homeopathy for back pain
Homeopathy is considered a gentle healing method from the field of complementary medicine. It is therefore one of the healing forms that can supplement basic therapy. For acute back pain, homeopaths recommend e.g. B. Aconitum 30C (acute lumbago after exposure to the cold), Arnica D12 (back pain after overexertion or lifting), or Nux vomica 30C (nervous tension and tension). The homeopath will advise you on the selection and dosage of the preparations.
Acupuncture for back pain
Acupuncture is part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It assumes that the body’s energy flow is blocked by an imbalance between the two opposing forces yin and yang. In acupuncture, the finest needles are inserted into certain parts of the patient’s body. In this way, the energy blockages should be released. Various studies show the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating back pain. It brings about a clinically relevant reduction in pain symptoms and associated accompanying symptoms.
Exercises for back pain
Stretching the back muscles: Kneel on the floor and get down on your heels as far as possible. Place your hands loosely on the mat well forward. Hold this position for about 60 seconds and ensure that you breathe evenly.
Improve mobility of the spine: Stand on four feet and crouch. Back straight and look down. Make the back as round as possible and let your head hang loosely. Repeat movement 10 times.
Or also: starting position quadruped. Your back is straight and your gaze is directed downwards. Carefully let your back sag down while lifting your head so that your gaze is directed forward. Repeat movement 10 times.
Strengthening the back muscles: The starting position is the supine position. Hands are next to the body, both feet are turned on. Start at the tailbone and roll up vertebra by vertebrae until your knees, hips, and shoulders are in line. Hold the position for 10 seconds and repeat the exercise 10 times.
Stretching the back of the thigh: In the supine position, tighten the thigh with the knee extended until an appropriate stretch can be felt. Hold for at least 30 seconds and repeat 3 times.
Strengthening the back muscles: starting position on four feet. Extend your right arm and left leg diagonally. The eyes are on the floor. Repeat the exercise about 10 times, then switch arms and legs.
Strengthening the buttocks and lower back muscles: starting position prone. Support on your forearms, looking down. Lift one leg off the mat and lift it straight up. Hold tension briefly and repeat about 10 times, then change legs.
Strengthening the upper back and neck muscles: starting position prone. Hands are relaxed on the mat. Raise the back of the head and arms so that you are looking downwards and the arms hold the upper body (90 ° bend in shoulders and elbows). Thumbs up. Hold the tension briefly and repeat about 10 times.
Prevent back pain
The risk of back pain can be reduced by following a few simple rules in everyday life.
Strengthening, stretching, and moving core muscles: Strengthen your stomach, chest, buttocks, neck, and back muscles through targeted sport or back exercises. Sports such as Nordic walking, backstroke swimming, or Pilates are particularly suitable for exercising the core muscles. In addition to exercise, it is also important to ensure sufficient physical activity in general. Those who hardly move at work and mostly sit should ensure that they move in their free time.
Stress reduction: Make sure you have a healthy lifestyle that is as stress-free as possible to prevent muscle tension. Muscles automatically cramp under psychological stress and tension. This leads to persistent, painful tension in the back muscles. In your free time, make sure you get enough relief from everyday stress.
Protecting the spine from overload: Pay attention to the correct technique and posture when picking up and carrying heavy objects or when sitting and standing. The back school can support them. Ergonomic office furniture helps when sitting at the desk. When sleeping, the back can be relieved with a suitable mattress and sleeping position. The supine position with slightly elevated legs is best suited for back problems.
Healthy nutrition: With a healthy, varied diet, your body is supplied with all the nutrients it needs. The back receives important minerals, vitamins, and trace elements.
Back pain in the elderly
Many older people suffer from back pain. In the course of life, the spine is exposed to considerable stress, which can be accompanied by degenerative changes and back pain. Back pain in old age is one of the most common signs of wear and tear in people. The intervertebral discs in particular suffer from age-related wear. Long-term stress causes part of the intervertebral disc fluid to be lost, the intervertebral disc becomes thinner and its damping effect decreases, causing the vertebrae to rub against each other and damage each other. The herniated disc is treated either with physiotherapy or with an operation that removes part of the vertebra. Also, many older people suffer from the bone disease osteoporosis.
Back pain in children
Back problems in children and adolescents should be urgently investigated, especially if they occur continuously and also at night. If there is local pressure and knocking pain, a dangerous disc inflammation or a tumor may be present.
Postural weaknesses occur quite often in adolescents and also cause back pain. Bad posture can also be caused by “hanging out” for hours in or on the bed and slack back muscles, as well as constant posture at the PC. Unsuitable furniture can also contribute to back problems. Regular exercise that stresses many muscle groups has a preventive effect. The symptoms can also be warning signs of inflammatory processes, growth disorders, or incorrect loads. Heavy or incorrectly worn satchels, e.g. over one shoulder or in the hand, are common reasons.
Back pain in pregnancy
Around every second woman struggles with back pain during pregnancy. The weight of the child, the amniotic fluid, and the placenta put a considerable strain on the muscles of the pregnant woman. The weight also shifts the body’s center of gravity to the abdominal region and many women fall into a hollow back. This leads to back pain and severe tension. These complaints can usually be prevented with gentle sport and regular exercise. Back pain in early pregnancy, however, can be a sign of complications. If the pain persists, pregnant women should always consult a doctor.
FAQs about back pain
Which tablets for back pain?
If back pain is so severe and persistent that it disrupts the daily routine, over-the-counter medications such as diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, and paracetamol are recommended. They relieve pain and have anti-inflammatory effects. Ointments, creams, and gels such as Traumeel, Voltaren, or Ibuprofen Schmergel can have the same effect.
How long have you had back pain?
The duration of back pain depends on whether it is acute or chronic back pain. Acute back pain is limited to a maximum of 12 weeks. Chronic back pain lasts longer than three months. The intensity of the pain can be very different in both cases.
How do you sit properly with back pain?
The sitting posture should be upright and relaxed. You should choose the seat height so that the upper and lower legs form a right angle. Relieve your upper body by propping up your arms and making use of the entire seating area. Dynamic sitting relieves your back.
How long sick with back pain?
Back pain is the second most common cause of sick leave after respiratory infections. Sick leave for back problems takes an average of 17.5 days. That is five days longer than the average incapacity for work. For a company with 60 employees, this means that five employees are absent for two and a half weeks every year.
How can I prevent back pain?
To prevent back pain, you should strengthen your stomach, chest, buttocks, neck, and back muscles through specific sport or back exercises. Getting enough physical activity is generally beneficial. You should also follow a healthy and stress-free lifestyle. Back pain can also be prevented by eating a healthy diet that provides the body with all the nutrients it needs.
Who can help with back pain?
If the family doctor cannot determine the cause of the back problems, he will help you to choose another doctor. Further examinations from an orthopedic surgeon, rheumatologist, or neurologist may be required to provide you with effective treatment. Physiotherapists, chiropractors, or osteopaths can also be consulted.
Why back pain with menstruation?
Many women experience cramping during menstruation. These arise in the abdomen from a strong contraction of the uterus. If fertilization does not occur, the lining of the uterus is shed from the body, which can cause strong contractions that pull into the back.
Why back pain with a cold?
Back pain is not a classic cold symptom, but it can occur as a non-specific general symptom with a cold and also with the flu. How exactly this happens has not been fully proven. Various factors are likely to play a role. On the one hand, if you have a cold, you can take a kind of relieving posture, which causes the muscles to cramp. On the other hand, it can also be the case that affected move less at night or sleep more restlessly and so develop tension. If the cold is accompanied by violent coughing attacks, the respiratory muscles are heavily stressed. The result is sore muscles, which manifest themselves as back pain and become stronger depending on the cough.
Which sport for back pain?
If you have back pain you should swim back. Breaststroke swimming is not recommended because of the stiff head posture. Water aerobics and aqua jogging are also recommended. Nordic walking can also be beneficial for back pain. Walking is healthy if there is no pain. When jogging, the joints are much more stressed than when walking. It is good for the body to move your arms with you. To perform this movement consciously and to strengthen the upper body muscles, you can use sticks (Nordic walking).
What degree of hardness for back pain?
Mattresses should be a little harder because sagging on soft mattresses is a common cause of back pain. A mattress that is too hard often leads to too much movement at night, whereas on a mattress that is too soft the spine sags, and the vertebrae cannot relax properly. When choosing the degree of hardness, the weight of the sleeper plays a role.
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